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[align=center]Statements
If the sentence starts in the present, there is no backshift of tenses in Reported speech.
Example: Susan: "I work in an office." Susan says that she works in an office
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If the sentence starts in the past, there is often backshift of tenses in Reported speech.
Example: Susan: "I work in an office." Susan said that she worked in an office
If the sentence contains an expression of time, you must change it as well
Peter: "I worked in the garden yesterday."
Peter said that he had worked in the garden the day before
Shifting of expressions of time
Note:
In some cases the backshift of tenses is not necessary, e.g. when statements are still true.
John: "My brother is at Leipzig university."
John said that his brother was at Leipzig university. or
John said that his brother is at Leipzig university.
or
Mandy: "The sun rises in the East."
Mandy said that the sun rose in the East. or
Mandy said that the sun rises in the East.[/align]
If the sentence starts in the present, there is no backshift of tenses in Reported speech.
Example: Susan: "I work in an office." Susan says that she works in an office
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If the sentence starts in the past, there is often backshift of tenses in Reported speech.
Example: Susan: "I work in an office." Susan said that she worked in an office
If the sentence contains an expression of time, you must change it as well
Peter: "I worked in the garden yesterday."
Peter said that he had worked in the garden the day before
Shifting of expressions of time
Note:
In some cases the backshift of tenses is not necessary, e.g. when statements are still true.
John: "My brother is at Leipzig university."
John said that his brother was at Leipzig university. or
John said that his brother is at Leipzig university.
or
Mandy: "The sun rises in the East."
Mandy said that the sun rose in the East. or
Mandy said that the sun rises in the East.[/align]
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