Women account for 43 per cent of the agricultural labour force in developing countries, but account for only about 7 per cent of investment in the sector. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, investing more in female farmers could increase agricultural yields by up to 30 per cent – almost enough to offset the decline in output expected by 2030 because of climate change.
This is just one example of how climate and gender are deeply intertwined. Women’s livelihoods often depend on forests, rivers, lakes, and oceans, and their knowledge of these resources could spearhead conservation efforts. At the same time, women suffer more than men from climate change, because they tend to be poorer and often lack the financial wherewithal to recover from flooding, heat waves, or wildfires.
But even as climate change profoundly affects women’s lives, high-level climate discussions or policy initiatives rarely consider their conditions, needs, and views. This is both unjust and short-sighted. Climate projects need women’s input to succeed, given the huge role they play as consumers, community leaders, workers, and entrepreneurs.
We already know that investing in women is good business. Enterprises in which women occupy at least half of the leadership positions have higher sales growth, are more profitable, and generate a better return on their assets. And because women make roughly 80 per cent of consumer buying decisions, firms with stronger female representation often produce better-selling products.
But investing in women also makes good climate sense. Women are more likely than men to start businesses focused on sustainability. Companies with women on their boards are likely to improve energy efficiency, reduce costs, and invest in renewable power generation. Similarly, firms that increased female representation on their boards over a five-year period were 60 per cent more likely to reduce the intensity of their energy consumption, 39 per cent more likely to cut their greenhouse-gas emissions, and 46 per cent more likely to lower their water use.
A growing number of investors evaluate companies not only on the basis of their financial performance, but also with a view to their environmental and biodiversity commitments and their efforts to promote gender equality. EcoEnterprises, a Latin America-based biodiversity investment firm, is tapping into that investor interest. It has a solid track record of helping environmentally sustainable businesses in the region to scale up their operations and provide economic opportunities for women in rural areas.
Moreover, EcoEnterprises is owned and led by a woman, Tammy Newmark, and its management team is almost entirely female. The firm has raised money for three investment funds to date. The third fund – in which the European Investment Bank has invested about $20 million – will allocate 15 per cent of its capital to investments in women-owned or women-led companies, and will push for firms in its portfolio to employ women in 50 per cent of jobs. Those objectives mean that the fund has qualified for the 2X Challenge, a global initiative supported by the EIB since its inception that aims to raise $15 billion to enhance women’s economic participation.
One EcoEnterprises investment, an organic orchard in Colombia, is hiring women to rebalance its male-dominated workforce and has promoted two to senior positions as head of human resources and chief operating officer. EcoEnterprises has also invested in Ecoflora Cares, a fast-growing Colombian producer of environmentally friendly natural colorants for the food and personal care industries. Founded by Sandra Zapata, the company is actively expanding its supply network to include more women.
Such investments show how biodiversity and gender equality can naturally complement each other. Focusing on the two objectives together enhances a project’s impact while reducing risk.
If done right, climate-change projects could provide a unique opportunity to invest in women’s potential. The green economic transition is expected to create millions of jobs in the coming years. Ensuring that women have the skills to seize those new opportunities could help reduce persistent labor-market inequalities and gender-income gaps. But providing women with this chance requires integrating gender-sensitive policies into all aspects of job recruitment and promotion.
@Project Syndicate 2021
The writer is is Secretary-General of the European Investment Bank
